<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vinogradova, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ponte, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tamisiea, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quinn, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hill, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Davis, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Self-attraction and loading effects on ocean mass redistribution at monthly and longer time scales</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Geophysical Research</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Geophys. Res.</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">atmospheric_pressure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grace</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ocean_bottom_pressure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sea_level</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">116</style></volume><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Self-attraction and loading (SAL) effects caused by changes in mass loads associated with land hydrology, atmospheric pressure, and ocean dynamics produce time-varying, nonuniform spatial patterns in ocean bottom pressure (OBP). Such mass redistribution produced by SAL effects is shown to be an important component of OBP variability on scales from months to years and to provide for a better description of the OBP annual cycle observed by GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment). The SAL-induced ocean mass variations have magnitudes comparable to the dynamic OBP signals at subannual, annual, and interannual time scales in many ocean regions and should not be ignored in studies of ocean mass. Annual variations account for the most variability in SAL-related mass signals and can be induced by all the loads considered, with hydrology having the largest contribution. At subannual and interannual time scales, impact of hydrology is minimal and variations are mostly related to load changes from ocean dynamics and from changes in atmospheric circulation, depending on ocean region. The results demonstrate that the large-scale SAL effects are not negligible in the analysis of GRACE-derived global observations of OBP. The estimated SAL effects can explain on average 0.2 cm2 (16%) of the variance in the GRACE annual cycle (expressed in terms of equivalent water height), exceeding 1 cm2 in both open ocean and coastal regions with strong annual SAL signals. </style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">C8</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quinn, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ponte, R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uncertainty in ocean mass trends from GRACE</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geophysical Journal International</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">grace</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sea_level</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">steric</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">05/2010</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">181</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">762</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ocean mass, together with steric sea level, are the key components of total observed sea level change. Monthly observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) can provide estimates of the ocean mass component of the sea level budget, but full use of the data requires a detailed understanding of its errors and biases. We have examined trends in ocean mass calculated from 6 yr of GRACE data and found differences of up to 1 mm yr−1 between estimates derived from different GRACE processing centre solutions. In addition, variations in post-processing masking and filtering procedures required to convert the GRACE data into ocean mass lead to trend differences of up to 0.5 mm yr−1. Necessary external model adjustments add to these uncertainties, with reported postglacial rebound corrections differing by as much as 1 mm yr−1. Disagreement in the regional trends between the GRACE processing centres is most noticeably in areas south of Greenland, and in the southeast and northwest Pacific Ocean. Non-ocean signals, such as in the Indian Ocean due to the 2004 Sumatran–Andean earthquake, and near Greenland and West Antarctica due to land signal leakage, can also corrupt the ocean trend estimates. Based on our analyses, formal errors may not capture the true uncertainty in either regional or global ocean mass trends derived from GRACE.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record></records></xml>
