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GMSL Rates
CU: 3.2 ± 0.4 mm/yr
AVISO: 3.2 ± 0.6 mm/yr
CSIRO: 3.2 ± 0.4 mm/yr
NOAA: 3.2 ± 0.4 mm/yr (w/ GIA)
Frequent Questions
What is the format of the dates in the GMSL time series?
Do you account for plate tectonics in the global mean sea level trend?
Is sedimentation in the oceans accounted for in the GMSL estimate?
What determines the x-intercept (i.e., "zero-crossing" or "base year") of the GMSL plots?
Why is the GMSL different than local tide gauge measurements?
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Abarca Del Rio, R
Abdalati, W
Ablain, M
AchutaRao, K
Acuña, C
Agarwal, N
Agreen, R
Ahn, Y
Akins, T
Alkama, R
Allan, R
Alley, R
Alsdorf, D
Altamimi, Z
Andersen, O
Anderson, R
Anderson, S
Antonov, J
Antonov, J
Aoki, S
Arblaster, J
Arendt, A
Arndt, D
Arsenault, K
Arthern, R
Auad, G
Ault, T
Awaji, Toshiyuki
Awaji, T
Ayyub, B
Babu, M
Bailey, R
Bailey, S
Bamber, J
Bannoura, W
Bao, L
Baranova, O
Barbosa, S
Baringer, M
Barker, P
Barnett, T
Barthelmes, F
Bassett, S
Basu, S
Bates, P
Battisti, D
Baur, O
Becker, M
Becker, J
Beckle, Y
Beckley, B
Beek, L
Beek, L
Behera, S
Bender, P
Bentley, M
Bentley, C
Berg, W
Bergé-Nguyen, M
Berry, P
Berthias, J
Berthier, E
Bertiger, W
Bettadpur, S
Bevis, M
Biancale, R
Biancamaria, S
Bierkens, M
Bierkens, M
Bilitza, D
Billingsley, B
Bindoff, N
Bingham, R
Bintanja, R
Blankenship, D
Blewitt, G
Blunden, J
Boening, C
Boer, G
Bojanowski, A
Bonekamp, H
Bonin, J
Bonnefond, P
Boone, C
Born, G
Boschi, E
Bosilovich, M
Boucher, C
Bouhours, S
Bouin, M
Box, J
Boy, J
Boy, F
Boyer, T
Boyer, T
Bradley, S
Braileanu, H
Braithwaite, R
Brecher, H
Brenner, A
Brigham-Grette, J
Brodzik, M
Broeke, M
Bromirski, P
Bronner, E
Brooks, A
Brooks, B
Brossier, C
Brown, S
Brunau, O
Brunnabend, S -E
Bruno, J
Bryan, F
Bryan, K
Bryant, C
Burgess, E
Burgette, R
Burša, M
Busalacchi, A J
Cabanes, C
Calafat, F
Callahan, P
Calmant, S
Calov, R
Cartwright, D
Casassa, G
Cazenave, A
Centurioni, L
Cerri, L
Challenor, P
Chambers, D
Chambers, D
Chao, B
Chao, Y
Chao, B
Chapron, B
Chateau, J
Chelton, D
Chen, M
Chen, S
Chen, J
Cheney, R
Cheng, M
Cheng, Y
Chinn, D S
Choblet, G
Choe, C
Choquet, D
Christensen, E
Church, J
Cipollini, P
Clark, P
Clark, J
Clarke, G
CLS/CNES
Cogley, J
Colberg, F
Coleman, R
Collilieux, X
Condi, F
Conrad, C
Cooley, H
Corfee-Morlot, J
Cornejo, H
Cornuelle, B
Cosgrove, B
Couderc, V
Coutin-Faye, S
Crétaux, J-F
Crowley, J
Cunningham, L
DAAC, NASA Physical Oceanography
Dai, X
Dam, T
Davis, J
Dayan, H
Decharme, B
Dehecq, A
Del Genio, A
Delcroix, T
DelSole, T
Desai, S
Desjonqueres, J
Desportes, C
Determann, J
Dey, N
Dibarboure, G
Dickey, J
Dickman, S
Dietrich, R
Dietz, C
DiMarzi, J
Ding, Y
Division, CLS Space Oceanography
Dixon, K
Dobslaw, H
Doelling, D
Doi, Toshimasa
Doi, T
Döll, P
Domingues, C
Dominh, K
Dong, D
Donguy, J
Doran, K
Dorandeu, J
Dorrer, M
Dorsey, A
Douglas, B
Douglass, D
Douville, H
Doyle, N
Drange, H
Drijfhout, S
Du, L
Duan, J
Ducet, N
Dunn, J
Durack, P
Dyurgerov, M
Eanes, R
Easterling, D
Echelmeyer, K
Edden, A
Edwards, R
Edwards, S
Edwards, L
Eicken, H
Elósegui, P
Emanuel, K
Entin, J
Escudier, P
Esselborn, S
Eymard, L
Fahnestock, M
Famiglietti, J
Fasullo, J
Faugère, Y
Featherstone, W
Featherstone, W
Feng, H
Fenoglio-Marc, L
Ferguson, G
Fettweis, X
Fiedler, J
Fiedler, K
Fitzpatrick, J
Flament, T
Flato, G
Flatow, I
Flechtner, F
Flick, R
Folkner, W
Forte, A
Foster, J
Francis, O
Frappart, F
Frederick, E
Freeland, H
Fricker, H
Fu, L
Fu, R
Fujii, D
Fukasawa, Masao
Fukasawa, M
Fukumori, I
Gage, K
Gaines, S
Galperin, B
Ganopolski, A
Garayt, B
Garcia, D
Garcia, H E
Garcia, H
García, F
García-García, D
Garric, G
Gaspar, P
Gaxotte, Z
Ge, S
Gehrels, W R
Gennero, M
George, S
Ghil, M
Giese, B S
Gilbert, D
Giles, K
Gill, S
Gille, S T
Gilson, J
Giovinetto, M B
Glazovsky, A F
Gleckler, P
Gleckler, P J
Gleeson, T
Gleick, P
Gogineni, P
Gomez, N
Gomez, F
Gómez-Enri, J
Gomis, D
Gommenginger, G P
Good, S
Gornitz, V
Gottschalck, J
Gouretski, V
Gourrion, J
Grand, S P
Graversen, R
Green, R
Gregory, J
Griffies, S M
Griffies, S
Griggs, D J
Grinsted, A
Gronell, A
Gross, R S
Groten, E
Guinehut, S
Gunter, B
Güntner, A
Guo, J -Y
Gusmão, D
H. Jay Zwally, Anita Brenner Matthew BECKLE Helen Cornejo John DiMARZI Mario Giovinetto Thomas C Y G O
Haidle, P E
Haines, B J
Hallegatte, S
Halpern, D
Hamlington, B
Han, W
Han, S -C
Hanasaki, N
Hancock, D W
Hanna, E
Hansen, J E
Hanson, S
Haran, T
Hare, W
Harper, J T
Harrison, W D
Harvey, N
Hausman, J
Hay, C
Hayes, S A
Hayne, G S
Hazeleger, W
Heberger, M
Heflin, M B
Heimbach, P
Hellmer, H
Helm, K P
Helsen, M
Hendricks, J R
Henry, O
Hernandez, F
Herrera, P
Herweijer, C
Hill, E
Hinderer, J
Hinkel, J
Hock, R
Holeman, J
Holgate, S J
Holl, S
Holland, C L
Holland, D
Holmes, S A
Horwath, M
Houghton, J T
Houser, P R
Howard, J D
Howat, I
Howd, P
Hsieh, W W
Hu, A
Hu, X G
Huang, B
Hughes, C W
Hughes, C
Hunter, J R
Hunter, J
Hurrell, J W
Husson, L
Huybers, P
Huybrechts, P
Igarashi, Hiromichi
Igarashi, H
Ishii, M
Ivins, E R
Jackett, D R
Jacob, T
Jambor, U
Jayles, C
Jayne, S R
Jekeli, C
Jelinski, W
Jenkins, A
Jennings, A E
Jevrejeva, S
Ji, M
Jiang, X
Jo, Y -H
Jochmann, H
Johnsen, S J
Johnson, G
Johnson, C A
Joughin, I
Julian, P
Jungclaus, J
Jurado, E
Kanae, S
Kanagaratnam, P
Kang, Z
Karoly, D J
Karoly, David J
Kato, H
Katsman, C
Katsumata, Katsuro
Katsumata, K
Kauker, F
Kaula, W M
Kawai, Yoshimi
Kawai, Y
Kawano, Takeshi
Kawano, T
Keeling, R F
Keihm, S
Kelecy, T
Kempen, C M
Kendall, R A
Kendrick, E
Keshin, M
Khan, S A
Kilonsky, B
Kim, H
Kim, K -Y
King, M
Knudsen, P
Koblinsky, C J
Koch, D
Köhl, A
Koldunov, N
Kominz, M
Konikow, L
Kopp, R E
Kopp, R
Kosek, W
Kouba, J
Kouketsu, Shinya
Kouketsu, S
Kouraev, A
Krabill, W
Kuang, D
Kuhn, M
Kumar, A
Kuo, C -Y
Kusche, J
Kwok, R
Labroue, S
Lacis, A
Lafon, T
Lambeck, K
Lambin, J
Lander, M
Landerer, F
Larnicol, G
Larson, K
Latychev, K
Laval, K
Lavallée, D A
Laxon, S
Le Moigne, P
Le Provost, C
Le Traon, P -Y
Lebedeff, S
Leben, R
Lee, H
Lee, T
Lefebvre, M
Lefevre, F
Legrand, J
Leinen, M
Lemoine, J M
Lemoine, F G
Lenaerts, J
Lengaigne, M
Leslie, L M
Letellier, T
Letetrel, C
Lettenmaier, D P
Leuliette, E W
Leuliette, E
Levitus, S
Li, Y S
Li, L
Li, P
Li, J
Li, F
Ligtenberg, S
Lillibridge, J
Lin, N
Lindstrom, E
Lingle, C S
Liu, W
Liu, Y
Llovel, W
Llubes, M
Lo, K
Locarnini, R A
Locarnini, R
Loeb, N
Lohmann, D
Lombard, A
Long, A J
Lorbacher, K
Loutre, M
Lowe, J A
Lu, W
Lu, Y
Luceri, V
Lukas, R
Luthcke, S B
Lyard, F
Lyman, J
Maisongrande, P
Maloof, A C
Mangiarotti, S
Manizade, S
Marcos, M
Marcos, Marta
Marcus, S L
Marinova, N
Marotzke, J
Marsland, S
Martinec, Z
Maskell, K
Masters, D
Masuda, Shuhei
Masuda, S
Matear, R
Matsumoto, T
Matsuyama, I
Maximenko, N
McCabe, G J
McCarthy, J J
McClean, J L
McClusky, S C
McInnes, K
McKay, N P
McPhaden, M J
Meade, R
Meehl, G
Mehlhaff, C A
Meier, M F
Melnichenko, O
Ménard, Y
Meng, C
Menon, S
Menounos, B
Mercier, F
Merrifield, M A
Merrifield, S T
Merrifield, M
Mertikas, Stelios P
Mertz, F
Merz, B
Merz, C
Métivier, L
Meyers, G
Meyssignac, B
Mignogno, M
Miguez, B M
Miller, L
Miller, G H
Miller, A J
Milliman, J
Milly, P C D
Milne, G A
Milne, G
Minster, J-F
Mishonov, A
Mitchell, K
Mitchum, G T
Mitrovica, J
Mognard, N M
Molenaar, M
Monaghan, A
Moon, T
Moore, J C
Moore, A W
Moore, P
Moore, E
Morison, J
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Morrow, E
Mote, T
Moucha, R
Mound, J E
Muir-Wood, R
Munier, S
Munk, W
Nadal, F
Nagel, P
Nakahara, S
Nakiboglu, S M
Nazarenko, L
Nerem, R S
Neumann, T A
Ngo-Duc, T
Nhuan, M T
Nicholls, R J
Nicholls, R
Nidheesh, A
Niedzielski, T
Nigro, J
Niiler, P P
Nilsen, J
Nino, F
Niu, G Y
Noguer, M
Novakov, T
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O'Neel, S
Obligis, E
Oki, T
Oldenborgh, G
Oppenheimer, M
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Otto-Bliesner, B L
Overpeck, J
Overpeck, J T
Owen, S E
Padman, L
Palanisamy, H
Palmer, M
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Parisot, F
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Peltier, W
Penduff, T
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Picaut, J
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Polcher, J
Polito, P S
Polyak, L
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Purcell, A
Purkey, S
Qin, D
Qiu, B
Qu, T
Quartly, G D
Quéré, S
Quinn, K
Qureshi, N
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Radakovich, J
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Rae, J
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Ramillien, G
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Reagan, J
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Reckman, J W T M
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Richman, J
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Rio, M
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Riva, R
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Russell, R
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Sanderson, B
Sandwell, D
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Scanlon, B R
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Toyoda, Takahiro
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Tran, N
Trebaldi, C
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Tyteca, S
Uchida, Hiroshi
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Urvoy, M
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CU Sea Level Blog
New GMSL release and Jason-2 Switch to Side-B
Senate Committee Hearing on Impacts of Rising Sea Levels on Domestic Infrastructures
NASA mission takes stock of Earth's melting land ice
Our Publications
The 2011 La Niña: So strong, the oceans fell
Is there a 60-year oscillation in global mean sea level?
Comparison of Global Mean Sea Level Time Series from TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, and Jason-2
Reconstructing sea level using cyclostationary empirical orthogonal functions
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Recent Sea Level Articles
Time-variable gravity observations of ice sheet mass balance: precision and limitations of the GRACE satellite data
Mixed layer heat budget of the El Niño in NCEP climate forecast system
Comparison of the X-TRACK altimetry estimated currents with moored ADCP and HF radar observations on the West Florida Shelf
A demonstration of the potential of Cryosat-2 to contribute to mesoscale observation
Climate Science News
April on average
Spring has sprung in the Arctic
Annual maximum extent reached
A fractured winter
Salty news from the Gulf Stream
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